Father: Michael Espinosa (d. Mar-1654)
Mother: Hannah Deborah (d. Nov-1638)
Date of Birth: 24 November 1632
Birth Place: Amsterdam, Dutch Republic
Date of Death: 21 February 1677 (aged 44)
Death Place: The Hague, Dutch Republic
Cause of Death: Tuberculosis
Remains: Buried, Nieuwe Kerk, The Hague, Netherlands
Gender: Male
Religion: Jewish
Race or Ethnicity: White
Occupation: Philosopher
Region: Western Philosophy
Nationality: Dutch
Main Interests: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics
Notable Ideas: Pantheism, Determinism, Neutral monism, Criticism
of Mosaic authorship of some books of the Hebrew Bible, Political
society derived from power, not a contract.
Influenced By: Hobbes, Descartes, Malebranche, Giordano Bruno, Aristotle, Hasdai Crescas, Plato, Cicero, Machiavelli.
Influenced: Hegel, Marx, Wagner, Davidson, Schopenhauer, Deleuze, George Eliot, Einstein, Fichte, Novalis, Leibniz, Goethe, Freud, Althusser, Santayana, Schelling, Bookchin, Kant, Butler, Rousseau, Levinas, Coleridge, Leo Strauss, Gassendi.
Major Writing: Tractatus de intellectus emendation (1661) Renati Des Cartes Principia Philosophiae (1663), Tractatus Tehologico-Politicus (1670), Ethica (1677), Tractatus de Deo et homine etjusque felicitate (1852)
Jewish-Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (24 November 1632 – 21 February
1677) adopted the Latin name Benedictus de Spinoza later. He ranks
as a major thinker within the rationalist tradition and his Ethics is a
classical source of Western philosophy. His writings specific the
crucial problems with philosophy a lot of clearly than in any thinker
since Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. In 1677, he published Ethics which made him a leader in rationalist thought. He had a life long relationship with René Descartes and Gottfried Leibniz.
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