Father: Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer
Mother: Johanna Schopenhauer
Sister: Adele (younger)
Girlfriend: Caroline Richter
Date of Birth: 22 February 1788
Birth Place: Danzig, Prussia
Date of Death: 21 September 1860 (aged 72)
Death Place: Frankfurt, Germany
Cause of Death: Heart Failure
Remains: Buried, Hauptfriedhof, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Occupation: Philosopher
Region: Western philosophy
Nationality: Germany
Education: Humboldt University of Berlin (1811 – 1813), Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena.
Notable Ideas: Will, Fourfold root of reason, philosophical pessimism.
Main Interests: Metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, phenomenology, morality, psychology.
Books: The World as Will and Representation, The Art of Being Right, On Vision and Colors, On the Suffering of the World.
Influenced by: Plato, Shakespeare, Spinoza, and Upanishads.
Influenced: D. H. Lawrence, Einstein, Maurice Maeterlinck, Thomas Hardy, Leo Tolstoy, Leon Trotsky.
Early Life: German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer
(22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) is best known for his book, The
World as Will and Representation. He was born in the city of Danzig,
Prussia to Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer (Father) and Johanna
Schopenhauer (Mother). In 1797 Schopenhauer was sent to stay with a
family in France, returning to Hamburg after 2 years to enter a private
school. In 1805, his father died, apparently a suicide. In 1807, he
joyfully resigned in order to study Greek and Latin in a school at
Gotha. He became a student at the University of Göttingen in 1809 where
he studied medicine for two years but later studied philosophy at the
University of Berlin. He completed his doctorate in philosophy at Jena
in 1813.
Personal Life:
In 1821, Arthur Schopenhauer fell in love with a nineteen-year-old opera
singer, Caroline Richter (called Medon) who was 19 years of age and had
a relationship with her for several years. He cancelled marriage plans,
however, writing, Marrying means to halve one's rights and double one's duties, and Marrying means to grasp blindfolded into a sack hoping to find an eel amongst an assembly of snakes.
Later Life: From 1814 to 1818 he lived in Dresden where his principal work, The World as Will and Representation
was written. In 1819 it was published - to meet with very little in the
way of public acclaim. In 1820, he was appointed as a lecturer at the
University of Berlin. In 1831, Berlin encountered a cholera epidemic and
therefore, Schopenhauer moved away from the city. In 1833, he
permanently settled in Frankfurt. There he stayed alone for the next 27
years. In those years he had written several works including On the Will in Nature (1836), The Freedom of the Will (1841), and The Foundations of Morality (1841). Arthur Schopenhauer
died on 21 September 1860 of heart failure while sitting on a couch at
his residence. He was buried at Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany.
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