Full Name: Albert Einstein (अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन ).

Father: Hermann Einstein (salesman, b. 1847, d. 1902).
Mother: Pauline Koch (b. 1858, d. 1920).
Spouse: Elsa Einstein (1919–1936), Mileva Marić (1903–1919).
Children: Hans Albert Einstein, Eduard Einstein, Lieserl Einstein.

Date OF Birth: 14 March 1879.
Birth Place: Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire.

Date of Death: 18 April 1955 (aged 76).
Death Place: Princeton, New Jersey, United States.
Cause of Death: Heart Failure.
Remains/Buried: Cremated (ashes scattered at the Institute for Advanced Study, brain preserved).

Occupation: Scientist, Physicist.
Religion: Atheist.
Race or Ethnicity: White.
Education: Aargau Cantonal School (1895 – 1896), Luitpold Gymnasium University of Zurich (1905), ETH Zurich (1901).
Nationality: German, United States.
Residence: Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, United Kingdom, United States.

Citizenship: Kingdom of Württemberg (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Switzerland (1901–1955), Austria–Hungary (1911–1912), German Empire (1914–1933), United States (1940–1955).

Notable Awards: Nobel Prize in Physics (1921), Matteucci Medal (1921), Copley Medal (1925), Max Planck Medal (1929), Time Person of the Century (1999).

Books: 
  • The World As I See It
  • Out of my later years
  • Relativity
  • The Evolution of Physics
  • A stubbornly persistent illusion etc.
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879, in a middle-class German Jewish family. His father, Hermann Einstein, was a salesman and engineer. His mother, the former Pauline Koch, ran the family household. His parents were anxious that he hardly talked until the age of three, but he was not so much a backward as a quiet child. He would build tall houses of cards and hated playing soldier. At the age of twelve, he was fascinated by a geometry book.

Early Life: Six weeks later of Einstein's birth the family moved to Munich, where he, later on, began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. After working hard in the laboratory but skipping lectures, Einstein graduated with an unexceptional record. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

Marriages and children: Einstein married in January 1903 to his former classmate Mileva Marić. In May 1904, the couple's first son, Hans Albert Einstein, was born in Bern, Switzerland. Their second son, Eduard, was born in Zurich in July 1910. In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin, while his wife remained in Zurich with their sons. They divorced on 14 February 1919, having lived apart for five years.

Einstein married Elsa Löwenthal on 2 June 1919, after having had a relationship with her since 1912. She was his first cousin maternally and his second cousin paternally. In 1933, they emigrated to the United States. In 1935, Elsa Einstein was diagnosed with heart and kidney problems and died in December 1936.

Theory of Relativity & Nobel Prize: In November 1915, Einstein completed the general theory of relativity, which he considered his masterpiece. He was convinced that general relativity was correct because of its mathematical beauty and because it accurately predicted the perihelion of Mercury's orbit around the sun, which fell short in Newton’s theory. General relativity theory also predicted a measurable deflection of light around the sun when a planet or another sun orbited near the sun. That prediction was confirmed in observations by British astronomer Sir Arthur Eddington during the solar eclipse of 1919. In 1921, Albert Einstein received word that he had received the Nobel Prize for Physics. Because relativity was still considered controversial, Einstein received the award for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

Later Life: Einstein contributed to the striving new quantum theory. Meanwhile, he probes for a way to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity. In 1929 he announced a unified field theory, but the mathematics could not be compared with experiments; his struggle toward a useful theory had only begun. Meanwhile, he argued together with his colleagues, difficult their belief that scientific theory will provide a complete description of phenomena.

In 1933, Unwilling to live in Germany under the new Nazi government, Einstein joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He turned away from strict pacifism and warned world political leaders to prepare for German aggression. He also worked to rescue Jewish and other political victims of the Nazis.

In 1939, Einstein signed a letter that informed President F. D. Roosevelt of the possibility of nuclear bombs, warning that the Germans might try to build them. The next year Einstein became an American citizen in 1940. In 1952, Einstein was proposed to become the second President of the State of Israel, but he declined. He was supporting many causes, such as the United Nations and world government, nuclear disarmament, and civil liberties.

Major Works: Einstein's researches are, of course, well-chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Death: On April 17, 1955, while working on a speech he was preparing to commemorate Israel's 17th anniversary, Einstein suffered an abdominal aortic aneurysm and experienced internal bleeding. He took the draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live long enough to complete it. Einstein refused surgery, saying: "I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share, it is time to go. I will do it elegantly." Einstein died at the university medical centre early the next morning—April 18, 1955—at the age of 76.