Full Name: Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили )
Revolutionary Name: Joseph Stalin
Nickname: Joseph Stalin ( Иосиф Сталин )
Revolutionary Name: Joseph Stalin
Nickname: Joseph Stalin ( Иосиф Сталин )
Father: Vissarion Ivanovich Djugashvili (shoemaker)
Mother: Ekaterina Geladze
Wife: Rosa Kaganovich (m. 1934–1938), Nadezhda Alliluyeva-Stalina (m. 1919–1932), Ekaterina Svanidze (m. 1906–1907)
Children: Yakov Dzhugashvili, Vasily Dzhugashvili, Svetlana Alliluyeva
Famous As: Communist Revolutionary & Ruler of former USSR
Occupation: Dictator, Politician
Service: Soviet Armed Forces
Rank:
- Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943–1945)
- Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (1945–1953)
Date of Birth: 18 December 1878
Place of Birth: Gori, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire
Date of Death: 5 March 1953 (aged 74)
Death Place: Kuntsevo Dacha near Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Place of Birth: Gori, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire
Date of Death: 5 March 1953 (aged 74)
Death Place: Kuntsevo Dacha near Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Education: Church school (Gori, Georgia, Russian Empire), Tiflis Theological Seminary
Nationality: Soviet
Political Party: Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Height: 1.68 m
Religion: None, formerly Georgian Orthodox
Books: The Road to Power, Correspondence Between Stalin, Roosevelt, Truman, Churchill and Attlee During World War II {Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), Joseph Stalin (1878-1953), Winston Churchill (1874-1965)},
Stalin's Letters to Molotov (1925-1936), The Stalin-Kaganovich correspondence (1931-36), The foundations of Leninism
Joseph Stalin, one of the greatest leaders of the General Secretary of
the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and became a Soviet dictator
upon Vladimir Lenin's
death was born on 18 December 1878 in Gori, Tiflis Governorate, Russian
Empire. Stalin’s original name was Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili.
Early Life: Joseph Stalin was his mother's fourth child to be born in less than four
years. The first three died and as Joseph was prone to bad health, his
mother feared on several occasions that he would also die. Stalin grew
up poor and an only child. His father, Vissarion Dzhugashvili was a
shoemaker and alcoholic who beat his son, and his mother, Ekaterina was a
laundress and illiterate (unable to read or write). Shortly before his
graduation, however, he was expelled in 1899 for spreading subversive
views (ideas that went against those of the government).
Joseph's mother was deeply religious and in 1888 she managed to obtain
him a place at the local church school. In spite of his health problems,
he could able to make good progress at school and eventually won a free
scholarship to the Tiflis Theological Seminary. While studying at the
seminary Joseph joined a secret organization called Message Dassy.
Members were supporters of Georgian independence from Russia. Some were
also socialist revolutionaries and it was through the people he met in
this organization that Stalin first came into contact with the ideas of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820–1895).
During the time of the 1904–1905 revolution, Stalin made a name for
himself as the organizer of daring bank robberies and raids on money
transports, an activity that Marxist leader Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924)
considered important due to the party's need for funds. Many other
Marxists considered this type of highway robbery unworthy of a
revolutionary socialist. Vladimir Lenin was impressed with Stalin's
achievements and in 1905 he was invited to meet him in Finland.
Rise to power: In 1922, Stalin was appointed to the newly created office of general
secretary of the Communist Party. During Lenin's last illness and after
his death in 1924, Stalin served as a member of the three-man committee
that ran the affairs of the party and the country. Stalin represented,
for the time, the right-wing (conservative) party that wanted to
stay true to the ideas of the revolution. He and his spokesman, Nikolai Bukharin
(1888–1938), warned against revolutionaries and argued in favour of
continuing the more cautious and patient policies that Lenin had
installed with the New Economic Policy (NEP).
By 1928 (the first year of the Five-Year Plans) Stalin's supremacy was
complete. From this year, he could be said to have exercised control
over the party and the country (although the formalities were not
complete until the Great Purges of 1936-1938). The final stage of
Stalin's rise to power was the ordered assassination of Trotsky in
Mexico in 1940, where he had lived since 1936 (he was exiled from the
Soviet Union in 1929.). Indeed, after Trotsky's death, only two members
of the "Old Bolsheviks" (Lenin's Politburo) remained - Stalin himself
and his foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov.
World War II: The USSR suffered greatly in World War II and Stalin personally directed
the war against Nazi Germany. So, in 1939, communist and
German dictator Adolf Hitler
(1889-1945) signed a foreign policy written agreement. Joseph Stalin
then proceeded to annex elements of Poland and the Balkan country, still
because of the Baltic states of the Baltic State, Latvia and Lithuania. He
additionally launched an associate degree invasion of Suomi. Then, in the Gregorian calendar month of 1941, Deutschland busted the Nazi-Soviet written
agreement and invaded the USSR, creating vital early inroads. (Stalin
had unheeded warnings from the Americans and also the British, still as
his own intelligence agents, a couple of potential invasions, and also
the Soviets weren't ready for war.) As German troops approached the
Soviet capital of Moscow, Joseph Stalin remained there and directed a
scorched earth defensive policy, destroying any provides or
infrastructure which may profit the enemy. The tide turned for the
Soviets with the Battle of Volgograd, from August 1942 to the Gregorian
calendar month of 1943, throughout that the Red Army defeated the Germans
and eventually drove them from Russia.
Personal Life: In 1906, Stalin married Ekaterina "Kato" Svanidze (1885-1907), a
seamstress. The couple had one son, Yakov (1907-1943), who died as a
prisoner in Germany during World War II. Ekaterina perished from typhus
when her son was an infant. In 1918 (some sources cite 1919), Stalin
married his second wife, Nadezhda "Nadya" Alliluyeva (1901-1932), the
daughter of a Russian revolutionary. They had two children, a boy and a
girl. Nadezhda committed suicide in her early 30s. Then he married
Ekaterina Svanidze in 1906.
Death: Stalin, who grew increasingly paranoid in his later years and one of the
greatest leaders of the former Soviet Union and General Secretary of
the Communist Party of the Soviet Union died on March 5, 1953, at age
74, having probably suffered a stroke that paralyzed the right side of
his body.
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