Full Name: Friedrich Engels (  फ्रेडरिक एंजल्स )
Father: Friedrich Engles Sr.
Mother: Elizabeth van Haar

 Date of Birth: 28 November 1820
Birth Place: Barmen, Kingdom of Prussia ( Wuppertal, Germany)

 Date of Death: 5 August 1895 (aged 74)
Death Place: London, United Kingdom
Cause of Death: Cancer - Throat

 Remains: Cremated (ashes scattered)
Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Occupation: Economist, Philosopher, Sociologist
Region: Western Philosophy
Education: Humboldt University of Berlin
Main Interests: Political Philosophy, Economics, Class Struggle, Capitalism
Notable Ideas: Co-founder of Marxism (with Karl Marx), alienation and exploitation of the worker, historical materialism
Influenced By: Hegel, Feuerbach, Max Stirner, Adam Smith, Ricardo, Rousseau, Goethe, Fourier, Morgan, Heraclitus
Major Writing: The Communist Manifesto (1848), Das Kapital, Anti-Dühring, El manifiesto comunista, Manifesto, The origin of the family, private property and the state

Childhood & Early Life:
Friedrich Engels political economist, military writer, and theorist; friend, colleague, and adviser of Karl Marx and founder of communism was born 28 November 1820 in Barmen, Kingdom of Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany). Friedrich Engels was the eldest of eight children of Friedrich Engles, senior, a third-generation conservative cotton mill owner, and his wife, Elizabeth van Haar, daughter of a gymnasium principal of Dutch origin. The senior Engels, a textile manufacturer, was a Christian Pietist and religious fanatic. After attending elementary school, young Friedrich attended the gymnasium in nearby Elberfeld for three years. Although he became learned, he had no further formal schooling.

In 1834, Engels was sent to a better gymnasium at nearby Elberfeld, where he studied Latin, Greek,French, mathematics, natural sciences, geography, and philosophy. He was especially stimulated by one teacher, a Dr. Clausen, and immersed himself in German literature and history. When he was 17 years of age, young Frederick had dropped out of high school due to family circumstances. He spent a year at Barmen. In 1838, he was sent by his father to work as a nonsalaried office clerk at a commercial house in Bremen. His parents expected that he would begin a career in business like his father therefore Frederick's revolutionary activities were a definite disappointment to them.


Later Life:
In 1842 Engels went to Manchester, England, to work in the office of Engels and Ermens, a spinning factory in which his father was a partner. In Manchester, the manufacturing center of the world's foremost capitalist country, Engels observed capitalism's operations--and its distressing effects on the workers--first hand. He also studied the leading economic writers, among them Smith, Ricardo, and Owen in English, and Say, Fourier, and Proudhon in French. He left Manchester in August 1844. In 1845 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, which suggested that the poor working class would only benefit if they fought for socialism. Friedrich Engels had met Karl Marx in 1844 and together they wrote the Communist Manifesto, predicting ultimate victory for the proletariat. After 1848 Engels returned to England and financially supported Marx, whose works he also edited and translated.

Engels helped form an organisation called the Rhineland Democrats. On 25th September, 1848, several of the leaders of the group were arrested. Engels managed to escape but was forced to leave the country. In 1849, however, the paper was shut down by the triumphant Prussian government and Marx's Prussian citizenship was revoked. Engels stayed on in Prussia working in an uprising in South Germany, but this was also crushed and he fled through Switzerland to meet up again with Karl Marx in England. Karl Marx continued to publish the New Rhenish Gazette until he was expelled in May, 1849. In November 1850, unable to make a living as a writer in London and anxious to help support the penniless Marx, Engels reluctantly returned to his father's business in Manchester.

In November 1850, unable to make a living as a writer in London and anxious to help support the penniless Marx, Engels reluctantly returned to his father's business in Manchester. In 1864, after his father's death, he became a partner in the firm, and by early 1869 he felt that he had enough capital to support himself and to provide Marx with a regular annuity of £350. On July 1, 1869, Engels sold his share of the business to his partner.


Personal Life:
Engels apparently never married anyone. But, he loved, and lived with successively, two Irish sisters, Mary (who died in 1863) and Lydia (Lizzy) Burns (1827-1878). After he moved to London, he referred to Lizzy as his wife. The Burns sisters, ardent Irish patriots, stirred in Engels a deep sympathy for the Irish cause.


Writing:
Engels wrote hundreds of articles, a number of prefaces which was mostly to Marx's works, and about half a dozen books during his lifetime. When he was 24, he wrote The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844, his first important book, based on observations made when he lived in Manchester. His next publication was the Manifesto of the Communist Party (Communist Manifesto ), which he wrote in collaboration with Marx between December 1847 and January 1848.

In 1870 Engels published The Peasant War in Germany. In 1878 he published perhaps his most important book Herr Eugen Dühring's Revolution in Science, known in an English translation as Anti-Dühring (1959). This work ranks, together with Marx's Das Kapital, as the most comprehensive study of socialist (Marxist) theory.

Engels's Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science was published in German in 1882 and in English, under the title Socialism, Utopian and Scientific, in 1892. In 1884 he brought out The Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State, an indispensable work for understanding Marxist political theory. His last work, published in 1888, was Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy. Two works by Engels were published posthumously: Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution (German, 1896; English, 1933) and Dialectics of Nature, which appeared in English in 1964. His writing influenced Lenin, Trotsky, Guevara, Sartre, Debord, Frankfurt School, Childe and many others


Death:
Karl Marx died in London in March, 1883. Engels devoted the rest of his life to editing and translating Marx's writings. This included the second volume of Das Kapital (1885). Engels then used Marx's notes to write the third volume that was published in 1894. Engels died of cancer on August 5, 1895.