Occupation: Member of Parliament, Statesman, Soldier, Journalist, Historian, Author, Painter
Birth Date: 30 November 1874
Birth Place: Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
Death Date: 24 January 1965 (aged 90)
Death Place: 28 Hyde Park Gate, London, England
Education: Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (1894), Harrow School, St. George's School, Ascot
Citizenship: British
Nationality: English
Political Party: Conservative (1900–04, 1924–64), Liberal (1904–24)
Parents: Lord Randolph Churchill, Jennie Churchill
Spouse(s): Clementine Hozier Churchill (m. 1908 – 1965)
Children: Diana Churchill, Randolph Churchill, Sarah Tuchet-Jesson, Marigold Churchill, Mary Soames
Service/Branch: British Army
Years of Service: 1895–1900, 1902–24
Rank: Lieutenant-Colonel
Awards: Order of Merit, Companion of Honour, India Medal, Queen's
Sudan Medal, Queen's, South Africa Medal, 1914–15 Star, British War
Medal, Victory Medal, Territorial Decoration.
Nobel Prize: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953
Sir Winston Churchill was the eldest son of the aristocrat Lord Randolph
Churchill, born on 30th November 1874 at Blenheim Palace, Woodstock,
Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom. Winston Churchill's life was a
mechanical phenomenon of events resulting in his stand against Adolf Hitler's
threat to regulate Europe. Once the Japanese attacked the harbour,
Churchill helped lead a sure-fire Allied strategy with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and General Secretary Joseph Stalin
throughout WWII to defeat the Axis powers and craft post-war peace.
Once the breakdown of the alliance, he alerted the West to the
philosophical threat of Soviet Communism.
Early Life: Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, the son of Randolph Churchill, a
Conservative politician was born to an aristocratic family on November
30, 1874, at Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, United
Kingdom. His mother, Jennie Jerome, was the daughter of an American
millionaire, Leonard Jerome, a New York businessman.
At age eight, Churchill was sent off to boarding school. He was never an
excellent student but he was well-liked and known as a bit of a
troublemaker. In 1887, 12-year-old Churchill was accepted to the
prestigious Harrow school, where he began studying military tactics. In
1888, where he joined the Harrow Rifle Corps. Throughout his schooling
life, he performed average in tutorials but showed a specific interest in
English and History. After graduating from Harrow, Churchill was
accepted into the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1893. He didn't
see his parents in his adolescence as he stayed alongside his
grandmother and this created him relatively freelance and rebellious in
nature. In December 1894, Churchill graduated near the top of his class
and was given a commission as a cavalry officer. He was believed to
possess cold relationships alongside his father. His father died on twenty-four Jan 1895.
Becoming a Politician: As a war correspondent, he was captured during the Boer War. Churchill
had decided that he wanted to help make policy, not just follow it. So
when 25-year-old Churchill returned to England as both a famous author
and a war hero. After his escape, he became a National Hero. Ten months
later he was elected as a member of the Conservative Party. This was the
start of Churchill's very long political career.
In 1904 he joined the Liberal Party where he became the president of the
Board of Trade. In 1905, the Liberal Party won the national election
and Churchill was asked to become the Under-Secretary of State at the
Colonial Office. In 1908, he was made President of the Board of Trade (a
Cabinet position) and in 1910, Churchill was made Home Secretary (a
more important Cabinet position). It was in 1910 that he became Home
Secretary where he worked with David Lloyd George. In 1911 he left the
Home Office and became the first Lord of the Admiralty, which meant he was
in charge of the British navy. Churchill, worried about Germany's
growing military strength, spent the next three years working diligently
to strengthen the British navy.
he returned to Government as the Minister of Munition in 1917. In this
year he joined the coalition party in which he was a member until it
collapsed in 1922 when for two years he was out of Parliament. He
returned to the conservative government in 1924 and was given the job of
Chancellor of the Exchequer.
Personal Life: Churchill met his future wife, Clementine Hozier, in 1904 at a ball in
Crewe House. Churchill found himself seated beside Clementine, and they
soon began a lifelong romance. However, he made time for romance when he
met Clementine Hozier in March 1908. The two were engaged on August 11
of that same year and married just a month later on September 12, 1908.
Winston and Clementine had five children together. Their first child,
Diana, was born in London on 11 July 1909. On 28 May 1911, their second
child, Randolph, was born at 33 Eccleston Square. Their third child,
Sarah, was born on 7 October 1914 at Admiralty House. Clementine gave
birth to her fourth child, Marigold Frances Churchill, on 15 November
1918, four days after the official end of the First World War. On 15
September 1922, the Churchills' last child, Mary, was born. Winston and
Clementine remained married until Winston's death at age 90.
1st Term as Prime Minister: On three Sept 1939, the United Kingdom declared war against Germany; at
this time Churchill was again selected as the First Lord of the Admiralty
and have become a member of the war cupboard. Prime Minister
Chamberlain resigned once the German invasion of the Kingdom of Norway
associated with Churchill was invited to make an –all-party government. As
Prime minister, Churchill refused all peace agreements with an
apparently growing Germany and set the British for an extended War.
Churchill maintained smart relations with the U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt
that secured an everyday provide of food, arms and oil in UK. once the
attack on haven, Winston totally supported the U.S in its fatal counterattack on European countries and Japan. Each Prime Minister signed
the Morgenthau arrangement at the second Quebec conference in 1944, during
which they reciprocally vowed to renovate the European country into an associate
agricultural and bucolic country once its inevitable defeat within the
War. a zealous anti-communist, Churchill gave enormous support to
states against the German invasion, declaring that if he had to settle between communism and Nazis, he can select communism.
2nd Term as Prime Minister: Though World War II ended with a landslide victory for the British Winston lost the 1945 election and became a leader of the opposition.
His success came with the General Election of 1951 when he was again
elected Prime Minister for a 2nd term. During his second term as Prime
Minister, Churchill focused on foreign affairs because he was very
worried about the atomic bomb. On June 23, 1953, Churchill suffered a
severe stroke. Although the public wasn't told about it, those close to
Churchill thought he would have to resign. Surprising everyone,
Churchill recovered from the stroke and got back to work. On April 5,
1955, 80-year-old Winston Churchill resigned as Prime Minister due to
failing health.
Writing: Churchill's literary career began with campaign reports: The Story of
the Malakand Field Force (1898) and The River War (1899), an account of
the campaign in Sudan and the Battle of Omdurman. In 1900, he
published his only novel, Savrola, and, six years later, his first major
work, the biography of his father, Lord Randolph Churchill. His other
famous biography, the life of his great ancestor, the Duke of
Marlborough, was published in four volumes between 1933 and 1938.
Churchill's history of the First World War appeared in four volumes
under the title of The World Crisis (1923-29); his memoirs of the Second
World War ran to six volumes (1948-1953/54). After his retirement from
office, Churchill wrote a History of the English-speaking Peoples (4
vols., 1956-58). His magnificent oratory survives in a dozen volumes of
speeches, among them The Unrelenting Struggle (1942), The Dawn of
Liberation (1945), and Victory (1946).
At a Glance:
- The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898)
- The River War (1899)
- Savrola (1900, serialised 1899 and published USA 1899)
- London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900)
- Ian Hamilton's March (1900)
- Mr Brodrick’s Army (1903)
- Lord Randolph Churchill (1906)
- For Free Trade (1906)
- My African Journey (1908)
- Liberalism and the Social Problem (1909)
- The People’s Rights (1910)
- The World Crisis (1923-1931)
- My Early Life: A Roving Commission (1930)
- India (1931)
- Thoughts and Adventures (Amid These Storms) (1932)
- Marlborough: His Life and Times (1933-1938)
- Great Contemporaries (1937)
- Arms and the Covenant or While England Slept: A Survey of World Affairs, 1932-1938 (1938)
- Step by Step 1936-1939 (1939)
- Addresses Delivered in the Year 1940 (1940)
- Broadcast Addresses (1941)
- Into Battle (Blood Sweat and Tears) (1941)
- The Unrelenting Struggle (1942)
- The End of the Beginning (1943)
- Onwards to Victory (1944)
- The Dawn of Liberation (1945)
- Victory (1946)
- Secret Sessions Speeches (1946)
- War Speeches 1940-1945 (1946)
- The Second World War (1948-1954)
- The Sinews of Peace (1948)
- Painting as a Pastime (1948)
- Europe Unite (1950)
- In the Balance (1951)
- The War Speeches 1939-1945 (1952)
- Stemming the Tide (1953)
- A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956-1958)
- The Unwritten Alliance (1961)
Death: In June 1962, Churchill broke his hip after falling out of his hotel
bed. On January 10, 1965, Churchill suffered a massive stroke. After
falling into a coma, he died on January 24, 1965, at age 90. Churchill
had remained a member of Parliament until a year before his death.
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